PFAS Everything you need to know at a glance
The topic of PFAS is omnipresent. Authorities are discussing an EU-wide ban, while the industry is calling for exceptions. The so-called "perpetual chemicals" are causing controversial debates: on the one hand, they are indispensable due to their extraordinary properties, but on the other hand, they pose enormous challenges to the environment and health. The industry is aware of these risks and is actively looking for solutions and alternative materials to make many applications and productions possible.
In this FAQ on PFAS, we answer the most important questions - from the absolute basics to in-depth technical and regulatory contexts. This will give you a quick overview of the definition, hazards, applications, alternatives, recycling options and the consequences of a ban.
For more in-depth insights, we also recommend our podcast on the topic of PFAS.
PFAS are a group of over 10,000 synthetic chemicals made from perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl substances that are characterized by their unique properties of heat resistance, chemical resistance and durability. They are used in numerous industrial applications; PFAS are particularly indispensable in sealing technology, valve technology and the chemical industry, where they make processes reliable and safe. But PFAS are also used in medicine, including in implants, medical devices and pharmaceutical drugs, where substitution is difficult.
The substances are extremely persistent and hardly degrade in the environment. This is why they are also referred to as "eternal chemicals". Many representatives are considered toxic or hazardous to health. They accumulate in soil, water, food chains and in the human body. Some substances such as PFOA or PFOS are already banned because they are carcinogenic or have hormonal effects. The EU is currently working on a comprehensive PFAS ban to protect the environment and health in the long term.
PFAS are widely used in the process and chemical industry, especially where there are high requirements for tightness, temperature or chemical resistance. For example, they are contained in seals, lubricants, membranes, linings and sliding elements. Without these substances, many systems would be less reliable, especially with aggressive media such as acids or high temperatures.
In addition, PFAS also play a key role in medicine. They are used in pacemakers, catheters, stents and implants, where they ensure biocompatibility, stability and safety. PFAS are also indispensable in the manufacture of certain pharmaceuticals, as they ensure purity and chemical resistance. In these areas, PFAS substances are currently considered vital because there are no equivalent alternatives.
Yes - but only to a limited extent. Materials such as graphite, Kevlar fibers or polyethylene can be used in some applications. But they do not achieve the universal performance of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), a particularly important fluoropolymer. There is no such thing as truly PFAS-free PTFE - no matter how it is produced, it remains PFAS. Industry and medicine are therefore working intensively on new materials to eliminate PFAS wherever possible.
A comprehensive ban would jeopardize almost all products in fittings and sealing technology as well as many medical applications. Many companies are therefore working on alternatives in task forces and research projects, but time is short: in some cases, implementation deadlines of just 18 months are being discussed. This is considered unrealistic, as there are no equivalent substitutes for many industrial and medical applications.
Switching to PFAS-free products is a major challenge for a company. First of all, it is necessary to analyze which products are affected by a ban and then test alternative materials. It is also important to work closely with suppliers and customers and to invest in research and development. The aim is to find PFAS-free alternatives without jeopardizing safety and performance.
Yes, PTFE recycling is considered a promising approach. By taking back and reprocessing seals and components, resources could be conserved and cycles closed. The challenge: performance and approvals must also be guaranteed for recycled materials.
No, the discussion needs to be differentiated, as the collective term PFAS covers over 10,000 substances. While some PFAS are critical in everyday products (e.g. clothing, cookware), certain fluoropolymers are considered comparatively harmless in industrial applications - especially if they are not released directly into the environment. Industry representatives would therefore like to see differentiated regulation.
A blanket ban could massively jeopardize the international competitiveness of European companies.
- Plant safety: Without PFAS seals and valves, there is a risk of failures.
- Production processes: Chemical, pharmaceutical and energy-intensive industries would be affected.
- Economic risks: Jobs and innovative strength could be lost.
Many experts are therefore calling for transitional periods, targeted restrictions and recycling solutions instead of a total ban.
The issue of PFAS affects industry, politics and society in equal measure. While regulations are necessary, companies need realistic timeframes and practical alternatives. This is the only way to reconcile safety, sustainability and innovation.